Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in ALL prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids in its cell wall. Which type of bacterium is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It aids in adherence to surfaces and protects against dehydration.

Question 4

A patient develops a severe infection after a catheter is inserted. The bacteria isolated are found to be embedded in a thick, sticky matrix. What structure is primarily responsible for this biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Facilitation of protein synthesis

Question 6

Which arrangement of flagella would you expect to find on a bacterium that has a tuft of flagella at both ends?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 7

A bacterium is able to survive extreme heat, radiation, and desiccation. Which structure is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacteria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the bacterial chromosome?

Accepted Answer

It is circular and found in the nucleoid region.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the prokaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The strain isolated from the patient is highly virulent. Which structure is most likely responsible for this increased virulence?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and lack an outer membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of bacterial plasmids?

Accepted Answer

Carrying genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell walls?

Accepted Answer

High content of mycolic acid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of sporulation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Packaging of DNA into a keratin structure for survival under harsh conditions

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the S layer in some bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection in hostile environments

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the arrangement of cocci in Streptococcus?

Accepted Answer

They are arranged in chains.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that can act as an endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to move toward a chemical attractant. What is this type of movement called?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma pneumoniae is resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It lacks a cell wall.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Morphology, and External Features

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