Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the genomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic genomes are typically a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic genomes are multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 3

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously in the 5′ to 3′ direction?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand

Question 4

Which of the following base pairs is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine–Cytosine

Question 5

A mutation that changes a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon is called:

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 6

Which process involves the transfer of a plasmid from a donor to a recipient cell via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase III during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing RNA primers

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells, what is the fate of introns during mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

They are spliced out and removed from the final mRNA.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

Which type of mutation is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein due to a shift in the reading frame?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 11

A scientist exposes bacteria to ultraviolet light, which causes cross-links between adjacent pyrimidines. What type of mutation is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Thymine dimer formation

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the Ames test is correct?

Accepted Answer

It screens chemicals for their ability to cause mutations in bacterial DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic material of viruses?

Accepted Answer

It can be either DNA or RNA.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a transposon?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome

Question 16

Which of the following is a regulatory gene function?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the expression of other genes

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a process and its location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription in the nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following codons is a stop codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mutations are important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They provide genetic variation that can be acted upon by natural selection.

Question 20

Which process involves the uptake of naked DNA fragments from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Genetics and Molecular Biology in Microorganisms: Structure, Function, and Genetic Exchange

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