Question 1

Which of the following best describes a primary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

An immune deficiency caused by genetic defects present at birth

Question 2

A patient with DiGeorge syndrome is most likely to have which of the following immune defects?

Accepted Answer

Low T cell numbers due to an underdeveloped or absent thymus

Question 3

Which of the following is a common cause of secondary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Chronic use of corticosteroids

Question 4

A patient develops muscle weakness after a Campylobacter jejuni infection. Which autoimmune disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 5

Which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and is responsible for most allergies?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 6

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops fever, chills, and lower back pain within hours. Which hypersensitivity type is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Type II hypersensitivity

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Accepted Answer

Maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta and target fetal Rh+ red blood cells

Question 8

Which of the following autoimmune diseases is primarily associated with Type III hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 9

A patient presents with a pruritic red rash after contact with poison ivy. Which hypersensitivity type is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 10

Which of the following is a key feature of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Deposition of insoluble antigen–antibody complexes in tissues

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for desensitization therapy in allergies?

Accepted Answer

Gradual exposure to increasing amounts of allergen to reduce IgE-mediated responses

Question 12

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing delayed nerve impulse transmission and pain. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for the pathology?

Accepted Answer

T cells attacking myelin-producing cells

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of autoimmune disorders?

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset of high fever and severe hypotension

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause secondary immunodeficiency due to immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

Azathioprine

Question 15

A patient with a history of organ transplantation develops cancer. Which of the following best explains this increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppressive therapy reduces immune surveillance against cancer cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the ACID mnemonic for hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Allergy, Cytotoxic, Immune complex, Delayed

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 18

A patient with Type I diabetes mellitus has which of the following underlying immune mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

T cell–mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why women are more likely to develop autoimmune disorders?

Accepted Answer

The exact reason is unknown, but genetic and hormonal factors are believed to play a role

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the probability $$P of a $$child inheriting an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency if both parents are carriers?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 0.25$$

Immune System Disorders and Hypersensitivity Reactions

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