$$R_0$$ = \frac{\text{number of secondary cases}}{\text{number of primary cases}}$$

$$\text{Attack Rate} = \frac{\text{number of new cases}}{\text{population at risk}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease acquired from tick bites after exposure to deer.

Question 2

A person contracts rabies after being bitten by a bat. What type of reservoir and mode of transmission does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Animal reservoir; direct contact transmission.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a fomite?

Accepted Answer

An inanimate object involved in the indirect transmission of pathogens.

Question 4

A person develops malaria after being bitten by a mosquito. Which type of transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Vector transmission (biological).

Question 5

Which portal of entry is bypassed when a pathogen is introduced directly into tissues via a needle stick?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral route

Question 6

Which equation best represents the basic reproductive number ($$R_0) of an $$infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

$$R_0$$ = \frac{	ext{number of secondary cases}}{	ext{number of primary cases}}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a nonliving reservoir of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Domestic livestock

Question 8

A person contracts cholera after drinking contaminated water. Which mode of transmission is involved?

Accepted Answer

Vehicle transmission (waterborne)

Question 9

Which of the following diseases is most likely to be transmitted via droplet transmission?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in establishing an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Encounter → Entry → Multiplication → Disease process → Spread → Damage → Outcome

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Contracting influenza from a contaminated doorknob.

Question 12

Which of the following diseases is most likely to be transmitted via foodborne vehicle transmission?

Accepted Answer

Botulism

Question 13

A healthy individual carries a pathogen but never develops symptoms. What is this person called?

Accepted Answer

Asymptomatic carrier

Question 14

Which of the following is a biological vector for disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Mosquito transmitting malaria

Question 15

Which equation best represents the attack rate of an infectious disease in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Attack Rate} = \frac{	ext{number of new cases}}{	ext{population at risk}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a major portal of entry for pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of mechanical vector transmission?

Accepted Answer

A fly landing on feces and then on food, transmitting E. coli.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a mode of contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Airborne transmission

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is most likely to be transmitted via airborne vehicle transmission?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a nonliving reservoir?

Accepted Answer

Soil contaminated with Clostridium tetani spores.

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology: Reservoirs and Transmission

Study Guide - Practice Questions