Question 1

Which of the following is considered a microbe but NOT a microorganism?

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19 virus)

Question 2

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed microorganisms under his microscope and called them 'animalicules.' Which microorganisms did he observe?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and protozoa

Question 3

A relationship between two organisms in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed is termed:

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a commensal relationship?

Accepted Answer

Cattle egrets eating insects stirred up by grazing bison in a meadow

Question 5

Which of the following influences the types and amounts of microorganisms found in and on your body?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 6

The 'hygiene hypothesis' proposes that during childhood:

Accepted Answer

Lack of exposure to microbes can promote development of allergies

Question 7

Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease or infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever of 39°C (102°F)

Question 8

Pathogens that are very virulent are more likely to cause disease than pathogens that are less virulent. The infectious dose for Virus X is much lower than the infectious dose of Virus Y. Which virus is more virulent?

Accepted Answer

Virus X

Question 9

Which of the following pathogen characteristics may be considered virulence factor(s)?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct

Question 10

Identify the incubation period for Bob’s case of the bubonic plague, given the following timeline: January 7th: Bob is scratched and bitten by a stray dog. January 9th: The stray dog is found dead. January 10th: Bob has fever, chills, and vomiting. January 11th: Bob is hospitalized with diarrhea & has swollen lymph nodes.

Accepted Answer

January 7th-9th

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 12

During the Covid-19 pandemic, individuals around the world were advised to wear masks covering their nose and mouth. Why is this medical advice important for decreasing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus?

Accepted Answer

A and B

Question 13

Which of the following is not a method bacterial pathogens use to invade host cells in pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Pathogens break apart outside of the cell, are phagocytosed, then reassemble once within the host cell

Question 14

Which of the following is true about superantigens?

Accepted Answer

A and B

Question 15

What part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the dangerous portion of the endotoxin during bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-A

Question 16

Which of the following statements about herd immunity is true?

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity is when enough people are vaccinated against a disease so that it cannot easily spread

Question 17

Which of the following is the major difference between vertical and horizontal disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Vertical transmission only occurs between mother & baby. Horizontal transmission is any other mode of transmission

Question 18

A nutritionist is investigating an outbreak of salmonellosis cases in a city over the past month. She collects data on when and where each case occurs but does not attempt to identify a cause yet. Which type of epidemiological study is she conducting?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive epidemiology

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology: Study Notes

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