Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of disease incidence?

$$\text{Incidence} = \frac{\text{Number of new cases}}{\text{Population at risk}} \times 100,000$$

Question 1

Which type of symbiotic relationship is illustrated by protozoans living in the intestines of termites, where both organisms benefit from the digestion of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 2

Resident microbiota are found in which of the following human body systems?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 3

A patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which harms the patient while gaining nourishment. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a reason why transient microbiota cannot persist in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are always pathogenic

Question 5

Which portal of entry is most frequently used by pathogens to invade the human body?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory tract

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential effect on a fetus if a pathogen crosses the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous abortion

Question 7

Which term describes the presence of toxins in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Toxemia

Question 8

A housefly lands on cow dung, picks up bacteria, and then lands on food, transferring the bacteria. What type of transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical vector transmission

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

Protein or short peptide in nature

Question 10

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by the most severe signs and symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Illness

Question 11

Which of the following is a virulence factor that allows bacteria to evade phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial capsule

Question 12

Which term best describes a disease that develops rapidly but lasts only for a short time?

Accepted Answer

Acute disease

Question 13

What is the term for the total number of disease cases in an area during a given period of time?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of disease incidence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Incidence} = \frac{	ext{Number of new cases}}{	ext{Population at risk}} 	imes 100,000$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a category of disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Genetic transmission

Question 17

Which term describes a disease acquired in a health care setting?

Accepted Answer

Nosocomial

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of direct contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Sharing a drinking glass

Question 19

Which of the following is a responsibility of public health agencies in controlling disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is a limitation of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

Some pathogens cannot be cultured in the laboratory

Ch 14 Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology: Study Notes

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