Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between incidence, prevalence, recovery, and death in a population?

$$\text{Prevalence} = \text{Incidence} - (\text{Recovery} + \text{Death})$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the best definition of 'incidence' in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

The number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific period.

Question 2

A patient develops pneumonia after being hospitalized for a hip replacement. This infection is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A healthcare-associated (nosocomial) infection

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins are proteins secreted by living bacteria, while endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a portal of exit for pathogens from the human body?

Accepted Answer

Placenta

Question 5

A disease that is constantly present in a population, such as the common cold, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Normal microbiota producing acids that inhibit the growth of pathogens in the vagina.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the prodromal period of an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A short period after incubation with early, mild symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following is a biological vector for malaria?

Accepted Answer

Anopheles mosquito

Question 9

Which of the following is a predisposing factor that can increase susceptibility to infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Short urethra in females

Question 10

A patient is infected with Salmonella typhi but does not show symptoms and continues to prepare food for others. This person is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A human carrier

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between incidence, prevalence, recovery, and death in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prevalence} = 	ext{Incidence} - (	ext{Recovery} + 	ext{Death})$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable disease?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

Accepted Answer

Recording US data on disease occurrence and recommending means of prevention

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a virulence factor and its function?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronidase – breaks down connective tissue to facilitate spread of infection

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a focal infection?

Accepted Answer

A systemic infection that began as a local infection

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease and its correct mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease – bite of infected tick

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the stages of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

The period of illness is when signs and symptoms are most severe.

Question 18

Which of the following is a mechanical vector for disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Housefly

Question 19

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity in most of a population, reducing the spread of disease

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the human colon producing vitamins for the host

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology – Study Guide

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