Question 1

Which of the following best explains why urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in women than in men?

Accepted Answer

Women have a shorter urethra that is closer to the anus, increasing the risk of bacterial contamination.

Question 2

A patient presents with fever, flank pain, and a history of untreated cystitis. Which condition is most likely, and what is the most common causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Leptospirosis is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is a zoonotic disease transmitted through urine-contaminated water.

Question 4

A woman presents with frothy vaginal discharge and a fishy odor. Her vaginal pH is measured at 5.2. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 5

Which of the following is a major complication of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Accepted Answer

Ectopic pregnancy due to scarring of the uterine tubes

Question 6

A male patient presents with painful urination and a purulent discharge. Which sexually transmitted infection is most likely, and what is a key virulence factor?

Accepted Answer

Gonorrhea; Opa protein that blocks Th cells

Question 7

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of gummas and possible cardiovascular or neurological complications?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary stage

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the transmission and prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

HIV is transmitted through intimate sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood transfusions; prevention includes condom use and sterile needles.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with candidiasis. Which of the following is a common predisposing factor for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Recent antibiotic use

Question 10

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is most likely to be asymptomatic in women, but can lead to infertility if untreated?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the latency of genital herpes?

Accepted Answer

The virus hides in the nervous system and can reactivate when the immune system is depressed.

Question 12

A newborn presents with severe conjunctivitis after birth. The mother was untreated for a sexually transmitted infection during pregnancy. Which infection is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonatorum)

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why there is no effective adaptive immunity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Accepted Answer

High antigenic variability and Opa protein blocking Th cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing symptom of trichomoniasis in women?

Accepted Answer

Profuse greenish-yellow discharge with foul odor

Question 15

A patient with a history of multiple sexual partners presents with cauliflower-like genital lesions. Which virus is most likely responsible, and what is a major long-term risk?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV); cervical cancer

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range for CD4+ T cell count in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

$$800 \leq 	ext{CD4}^+ \leq 1500$$ cells/\mu l$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in lactobacilli leads to increased pH, allowing Gardnerella vaginalis to proliferate.

Question 18

A patient with untreated syphilis is now experiencing personality changes, loss of coordination, and seizures. Which stage of syphilis is this, and what is the most severe complication?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary syphilis; neurosyphilis

Question 19

Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?

Accepted Answer

Active antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy

Infections of the Genitourinary System: Microbiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards