Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the skin in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of microbes and shedding dead cells along with attached microbes.

Question 2

Keratin is an important component of the skin's defense against infection because:

Accepted Answer

Keratin is hydrophobic, keeping the skin dry and decreasing microbial growth.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component or process associated with innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Question 4

A patient consumed food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria but did not become ill. The doctor explained that the acidity of the patient's stomach killed many organisms. This type of protection is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity; which provides nonspecific immunity.

Question 5

Which physical, nonspecific host defense mechanism is associated with the respiratory tract and trachea?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator

Question 6

Lysozyme is effective at destroying bacterial pathogens because it:

Accepted Answer

Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan cell walls

Question 7

Which property of antimicrobial peptides allows them to disrupt bacterial cell surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Net positive charge

Question 8

Normal microbiota protect against infection by:

Accepted Answer

Occupying attachment sites used by pathogenic microbes and producing chemicals toxic to pathogens

Question 9

The hematopoietic stem cell has the ability to develop into which of the following cell types?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage, Red Blood Cell, Neutrophil, B Cell, Dendritic cell

Question 10

Which granulocyte is the first to respond to an infection, has hydrolytic enzymes in its granules, and possesses the ability of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 11

Which of the following is a form of cell communication that may be used during an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Cells infected with a virus sending signals to prepare neighboring cells for viral infection

Question 12

Which type of cytokine is used to recruit immune cells to the site of infection, inflammation, or tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

Chemokines

Question 13

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are least likely to detect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis enzymes

Question 14

Which type of pattern recognition receptor, when bound to MAMPs, triggers the formation of the inflammasome?

Accepted Answer

NOD-Like Receptors

Question 15

The complement system is triggered by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

C3 convertase binding to the surface of invading microbes

Question 16

Which immune response of the complement system is not effective against gram-positive (+) pathogenic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cell lysis of invading microbe

Question 17

During the interferon response, what happens when a cell produces antiviral proteins (AVPs) and then encounters viral dsRNA?

Accepted Answer

The antiviral proteins become activated and the cell undergoes apoptosis to stop the viral spread.

Question 18

Which of the following cells can induce viral-infected cells to undergo apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

NK cells

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a positive effect fever can have during an infection?

Accepted Answer

High body temperatures constrict the blood vessels ensuring the infection does not spread throughout the body.

Chapter 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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