Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and provides nonspecific defense, while adaptive immunity develops in response to specific pathogens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor involved in the first line of defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme in tears

Question 3

A patient presents with a high white blood cell (WBC) count. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Question 4

Which of the following chemical factors is responsible for destroying bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 5

Which process describes the coating of a microorganism with serum proteins to enhance phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 6

A bacterial pathogen produces a capsule. Which innate immune mechanism is it most likely evading?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tissue damage → Release of chemicals → Vasodilation → Phagocyte migration

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Question 9

A patient with a genetic deficiency in complement proteins is MOST likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to infections

Question 10

Which pathway of complement activation is initiated by antibodies binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the activity of immune cells and inhibits growth of some pathogens.

Question 12

Which of the following is a role of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space.

Question 13

Which of the following is a chemical factor that inhibits microbial growth by lowering skin pH?

Accepted Answer

Sebum

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of interferons?

Accepted Answer

They are cytokines that induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Question 15

A patient is given probiotics after antibiotic treatment. What is the most likely benefit?

Accepted Answer

Probiotics will restore normal microbiota, which can outcompete pathogens.

Question 16

Which of the following iron-binding proteins is found in milk, saliva, and mucus?

Accepted Answer

Lactoferrin

Question 17

Which of the following is a multi-step process that involves chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of acute-phase proteins activated during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

They enhance the inflammatory response and help limit infection.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the lymphatic system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It carries microbes to lymph nodes where they are destroyed by lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 20

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antimicrobial peptides inhibit microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

They form pores in microbial membranes and inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions