Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the skin in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a physical barrier with tightly packed epithelial cells containing keratin, inhibiting microbial growth through shedding and dryness.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect resulting in nonfunctional Toll-like receptors (TLRs) would most likely have difficulty with which step of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Adherence

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a chemical factor that contributes to innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary escalator in the respiratory tract

Question 4

During an acute bacterial infection, which leukocyte is most likely to arrive first at the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 5

Which process describes the movement of phagocytes from the bloodstream into infected tissues?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 6

A patient is prescribed a medication that neutralizes stomach acid. What is a likely consequence regarding their innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to inhibit microbial growth in the stomach due to higher pH

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why normal microbiota are considered part of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for space and nutrients, and may produce substances harmful to pathogens.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of basophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine during allergic reactions

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in iron-binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin would be most susceptible to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced bacterial growth due to increased availability of free iron

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides?

Accepted Answer

They form pores in microbial membranes, inhibit cell wall synthesis, and destroy nucleic acids.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation → Phagocyte migration → Tissue repair

Question 12

Which of the following statements about fever is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fever can enhance the activity of phagocytes and T cells, and may slow the growth of pathogens.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic pathogen among the normal microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of alpha and beta interferons?

Accepted Answer

They induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication.

Question 15

A patient with a chronic wound that fails to heal is most likely experiencing a problem with which stage of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tissue repair

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

The coating of a microorganism with serum proteins to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if a patient’s lacrimal apparatus is nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of eye infections due to reduced washing action of tears

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the activity of immune cells and slows the growth of some pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and initiation of adaptive immune responses

Question 20

A patient is given a probiotic supplement. What is the most likely intended effect?

Accepted Answer

To introduce beneficial live microbial cultures that exert a positive effect on the host

(Chapter 16) Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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