Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense, while adaptive immunity develops over time and is highly specific.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic deficiency in mannose-binding lectin (MBL) would have the greatest impairment in which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the lectin complement pathway

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?

Accepted Answer

Directly neutralizing viral DNA

Question 4

Which of the following is a mechanical barrier that helps prevent pathogen entry?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator in the respiratory tract

Question 5

A patient presents with an acute bacterial infection. Which leukocyte would you expect to be elevated in their blood count?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why people with hemochromatosis are more susceptible to bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

They have increased levels of free iron, which bacteria require for growth.

Question 7

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for inducing fever and is produced mainly by macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\alpha)

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the vascular changes phase of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation, increased vessel permeability, exudate formation

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood for pathogens and removes damaged erythrocytes

Question 10

A child develops a fever after a bacterial infection. Which of the following best describes the molecular mechanism leading to fever?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial toxins trigger cytokine release, which signals the hypothalamus to raise body temperature.

Question 11

Which of the following is a role of normal microbiota in immune system development?

Accepted Answer

They fine-tune immune responses and help train tolerance to nonpathogens.

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible reason why a patient with a low neutrophil count (neutropenia) is at increased risk for infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited to sites of infection and are highly phagocytic.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

They act as signaling proteins that recruit white blood cells to sites of injury or infection.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It can be activated by antibodies, direct interaction with pathogens, or mannose-binding lectin.

Question 15

A patient with chronic inflammation is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis and certain cancers

Question 16

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help reduce fever?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They phagocytize antigens and present them to T cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible mechanism by which bacteria evade the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Producing proteins that mimic regulators of complement activation (RCAs)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of iron-binding proteins in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They limit the availability of free iron to reduce bacterial growth.

Innate Immunity: Principles and Mechanisms (Chapter 11 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions