Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense, while adaptive immunity develops over time and is highly specific.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in the IL-1 family of interleukins is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders due to improper regulation of inflammation.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a first-line defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis by neutrophils.

Question 4

A child with a deficiency in mannose-binding lectin (MBL) would have the greatest impairment in which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the lectin pathway of complement.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever enhances the antiviral effects of interferons and increases phagocyte efficiency.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?

Accepted Answer

They disrupt microbial plasma membranes and can modulate inflammation.

Question 7

A patient presents with an elevated eosinophil count. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Parasitic infection or allergic reaction.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the spleen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood for pathogens and removes damaged erythrocytes.

Question 9

Which of the following is a mechanism by which bacteria can evade the host’s iron-binding defenses?

Accepted Answer

Producing siderophores to steal iron from host proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness (erythema)

Question 11

A patient with chronic inflammation is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Progressive tissue injury and diseases such as atherosclerosis and certain cancers.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Tagging pathogens with complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the leukocyte recruitment phase of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Margination, dipedesis, chemotaxis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

Recruiting white blood cells to sites of injury or infection.

Question 15

A patient with a sustained fever of $$40.5^{\circ}C$ (105$$^{\circ}$$F) $$that does not decrease with treatment is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of essential cellular enzymes and proteins, leading to a medical emergency.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the normal microbiota is important for immune system development?

Accepted Answer

It fine-tunes immune responses and trains the immune system to tolerate nonpathogens.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It can be activated by classical, alternative, or lectin pathways, all leading to opsonization, cytolysis, and inflammation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a role of mast cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They reside in tissues and release histamine, playing a role in allergies and fighting parasites.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

It is a diffuse system of lymphoid tissue found in all mucosal linings that helps find and fight harmful microbes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely finding in a differential white blood cell count for a patient with acute bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophilia (elevated neutrophil count)

Innate Immunity: Principles and Mechanisms (Chapter 11 Study Notes)

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