Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and provides immediate, nonspecific defense, while adaptive immunity develops over time and targets specific pathogens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the normal microbiota in shaping immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Directly attacking invading pathogens through phagocytosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier in the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator moving microbes toward the mouth

Question 4

The structure shown in the second image is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A section of the epidermis, acting as a physical barrier in innate immunity

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of lysozyme in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is an enzyme found in secretions that breaks down bacterial cell walls.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the inflammation response?

Accepted Answer

Vascular changes → Leukocyte recruitment → Resolution

Question 7

Which cell type is the first to arrive at the site of tissue injury during an acute bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of proteins that, when activated, enhance immune defenses through opsonization, cytolysis, and inflammation.

Question 10

Which pathway of complement activation is triggered by antibodies bound to an invading agent?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 11

A patient presents with a fever of 100°F. According to the study materials, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

This is a low-grade fever and is generally considered protective.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ibuprofen and acetaminophen reduce fever?

Accepted Answer

They limit the production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of fever in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Enhances antiviral effects of interferons

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of dendritic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are found in most body tissues and play a role in modulating the immune system.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Promoting chronic tissue injury

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the blood vessels into tissues

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible consequence of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Exacerbation of tissue injury and promotion of diseases such as atherosclerosis and certain cancers

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a leukocyte and its function?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils – defense against worm infections and allergic reactions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of iron-binding proteins in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They sequester iron, limiting its availability to pathogens and restricting their growth.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

It collects, circulates, and filters fluid in body tissues before returning it to the blood.

Innate Immunity: Structure and Function in Host Defense

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