Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It has a memory response to specific pathogens.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for releasing histamine during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 3

During the process of phagocytosis, what is the function of the phagolysosome?

Accepted Answer

It digests the contents of the phagosome using hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following is a chemical factor that inhibits microbial growth on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Low pH caused by fatty acids and lactic acid

Question 5

What is the primary function of siderophores produced by pathogenic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

To bind iron more tightly than host iron-binding proteins and facilitate iron uptake

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated when antibodies bind to antigens.

Question 7

Which leukocyte is most active during the initial phase of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of cytokines released by defensive cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses

Question 9

Which process is described by the equation $$	ext{Phagocyte} + 	ext{Microbe} ightarrow 	ext{Phagosome}$$?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Produce toxic proteins against parasites like helminths

Question 11

Which stage of inflammation is responsible for the redness and heat observed at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 12

Which of the following antimicrobial peptides is found in human sweat and acts by forming pores in bacterial membranes?

Accepted Answer

Dermcidin

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of microbes with serum proteins to promote attachment and enhance phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Cytolysis, inflammation, and phagocytosis

Question 15

Which equation best represents the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome during phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Phagosome} + 	ext{Lysosome} ightarrow 	ext{Phagolysosome}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding interferons?

Accepted Answer

They interfere with viral multiplication and are host-specific.

Question 17

Which of the following is a physical factor that helps prevent microbial colonization in the genitourinary tract?

Accepted Answer

Cleansing of the urethra by the flow of urine

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if the epithelial surface of the skin is broken?

Accepted Answer

A subcutaneous infection may develop, often caused by staphylococci.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the process of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation → Phagocyte migration → Tissue repair

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible effect of fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of transferrins that decrease iron available to microbes

Innate Immunity: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions