Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why penicillin is effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin targets the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, which is absent in human cells.

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is believed to have originated from a non-photosynthetic prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following features is shared by both mitochondria and chloroplasts, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Both contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.

Question 4

A pathogenic, multicellular organism that has a cell wall with chitin is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It aids in cellular protection, adhesion, and communication.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key structural difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin and have a 9+2 microtubule arrangement.

Question 7

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its cell wall composition?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria – Peptidoglycan

Question 8

Which process is used by eukaryotic cells to import large, undissolved particles such as bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

They fuse with phagosomes and release hydrolytic enzymes to digest engulfed material.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall containing peptidoglycan

Question 11

Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms that are always multicellular, lack cell walls, and do not carry out photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Animalia

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about fungal spores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Asexual spores arise from mitosis and do not result in genetic variation.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

80S ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, while 70S ribosomes are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 15

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus but has ribosomes, DNA, and cytoplasm is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a eukaryotic organelle and its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria – ATP production

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fungal infections are often harder to treat than bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Fungi and animals are both eukaryotic, so they share more cellular similarities.

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Evolution

Study Guide - Practice Questions