Question 1

Which of the following best describes the term 'homeostasis' in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.28. Which condition is most likely present, and which organ system is primarily responsible for correcting this imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; the urinary system

Question 3

Which laboratory test would be most appropriate to diagnose a suspected bacterial infection of the bone (osteomyelitis)?

Accepted Answer

Microbial culture of bone marrow

Question 4

Which of the following medical terms is correctly broken down into its word elements?

Accepted Answer

Phlebotomy: phleb (root-vein) + o (combining vowel) + tomy (suffix-incision)

Question 5

A laboratory test panel includes the following: $$	ext{Na}^+$$, $$	ext{K}^+$$, $$	ext{Cl}^-$$, $$	ext{CO}_2. $$What is this panel commonly called?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte panel

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against microorganisms and prevention of water loss

Question 7

A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing difficulty breathing. Which laboratory test would best help assess the severity of their respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Blood gas analysis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of body structure; physiology is the study of body function.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a disorder and the organ system it primarily affects?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis – Skeletal system

Question 10

A patient is lying on their back with their face upward. What is the anatomical term for this position, and why is it important in phlebotomy?

Accepted Answer

Supine; it is the best position for performing phlebotomy on bedridden patients

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the left lung has fewer lobes than the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung has only two lobes to allow space for the heart.

Question 12

Which of the following laboratory tests would be most useful in diagnosing a patient with suspected viral hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis panel (HAAb, HBsAg, HCAb)

Question 13

A patient with muscle weakness and abnormal reflexes is suspected of having a neurological disorder. Which specimen is most likely to be collected for laboratory analysis?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the hormone insulin?

Accepted Answer

It regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.

Question 15

A laboratory test reveals elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Which organ system is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal system

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the term 'erythrocyte'?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which organ system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine system

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the clinical laboratory in patient care?

Accepted Answer

Screening, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of health conditions

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct definition of the term 'catabolism'?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones, releasing energy

Question 20

A patient with a suspected autoimmune disorder affecting the muscles is likely to have which laboratory test ordered?

Accepted Answer

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test

Medical Terminology, Anatomy, and Physiology of Organ Systems – Foundations for Clinical Laboratory Science

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