Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bacteria exhibit a diversity of cell shapes?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate nutrient acquisition, defense, attachment, dispersal, and motility

Question 2

Which of the following is a key difference between the cell membranes of Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial membranes contain hopanoids, while archaeal membranes contain ether-linked lipids

Question 3

A mutation in a bacterium prevents the formation of peptide bonds. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores genetic information in a highly compacted and organized form

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids in bacterial membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group

Question 6

A bacterium is found to have a high concentration of hopanoids in its membrane. What is the most likely function of these molecules?

Accepted Answer

To increase membrane strength and stability

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA is organized into supercoiled loops anchored by histone-like proteins

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and pKa for an ionizable group at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = pK_a + \log_{10} \left( \frac{[A^-]}{[HA]} \right)$$

Question 10

A researcher isolates a polysaccharide from a bacterial capsule. Which type of glycosidic bond would you expect to find in cellulose, a structural polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bond

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the E. coli genome, which is 1.5 mm in length, can fit inside a cell that is only 1.5 μm long?

Accepted Answer

The DNA is highly compacted into supercoiled loops within the nucleoid

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport in bacterial membranes?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion does not require energy, while active transport requires energy input

Question 14

A bacterium is exposed to a chemical that disrupts hydrogen bonds. Which level of protein structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the composition of a typical bacterial ribosome?

Accepted Answer

62% RNA and 38% protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It contains enzymes and proteins involved in nutrient acquisition and cell wall assembly

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why some bacteria have flagella?

Accepted Answer

To enable motility and allow movement toward favorable environments

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They have an amino group at the alpha carbon and a variable side chain

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They use ATP hydrolysis to transport specific substrates across the membrane

Lectures 10, 11

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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