Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It returns interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream and filters microorganisms through lymph nodes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a red streak running up their arm, as shown in the image. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphangitis

Question 3

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection. Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between blood pressure ($$BP$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and systemic vascular resistance ($$SVR) in $$septic shock?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes SVR$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about endotoxins and exotoxins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins are part of the bacterial cell wall and are released upon cell lysis.

Question 5

A pregnant woman is colonized with Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Which of the following outcomes is most likely if she does not receive adequate antibiotics during labor?

Accepted Answer

Maternal sepsis and neonatal sepsis

Question 6

Which organism is most commonly associated with puerperal fever (childbirth fever) and what is its primary mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes, direct contact during childbirth

Question 7

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is most often caused by which group of bacteria, and what is the typical source of infection?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci from oral or tonsil infections

Question 8

A child develops subcutaneous nodules at the joints and involuntary movements after a strep throat infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever

Question 9

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic pathogen. Which of the following is a common vector for transmission to humans?

Accepted Answer

Ticks

Question 10

Brucella spp. can evade phagocytosis and persist in the reticuloendothelial system. Which symptom is most characteristic of brucellosis?

Accepted Answer

Undulant fever (rising and falling fever)

Question 11

Which virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis allows it to avoid the host immune response?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid capsule

Question 12

A patient presents with a black eschar on their hand after handling animal hides. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous anthrax

Question 13

Which form of anthrax has the highest mortality rate if untreated?

Accepted Answer

Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax

Question 14

Clostridium perfringens is associated with gas gangrene. Which treatment is most effective for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Surgical removal of necrotic tissue and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Question 15

Pasteurella multocida is most commonly associated with which type of animal bite, and what is a possible complication?

Accepted Answer

Dog bite; pneumonia and sepsis

Question 16

Yersinia pestis causes plague. Which form is characterized by intense swelling of lymph nodes (buboes) and a 50-75% mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

Bubonic plague

Question 17

A patient presents with high fever, jaundice, and rose-colored skin spots after being bitten by a soft tick. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Relapsing fever (Borrelia spp.)

Question 18

Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming Lyme disease in a patient with a bull’s-eye rash?

Accepted Answer

ELISA followed by Western blot

Question 19

Rickettsia rickettsii is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Which symptom distinguishes it from other rickettsial diseases?

Accepted Answer

Rash appears on palms and soles of feet

Question 20

Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly form of malaria. Which equation best describes the process of schizogony in the liver, where $$n$$ sporozoites produce $$m$$ merozoites per sporozoite?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\ merozoites = n 	imes m$$

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards