Question 1

A 25-year-old male presents with painful urination and a purulent discharge from the urethra, as shown in the first image. A Gram stain reveals gram-negative diplococci inside neutrophils. Which organism is most likely responsible for his symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why Chlamydia trachomatis infections are not effectively treated with cell wall-active antibiotics such as penicillins?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 3

A female patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) after a history of untreated sexually transmitted infection. Which two organisms are most commonly associated with PID?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 4

A patient presents with a painless ulcer on the genitalia, as shown in the fifth image. Which stage of syphilis does this lesion represent, and what is the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Primary syphilis; Treponema pallidum

Question 5

Which of the following is a major concern associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cervical cancer

Question 6

A patient with HIV is found to have a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL and develops persistent infections such as oral thrush and pneumonia. According to the CDC, which stage of HIV infection does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Category C (AIDS)

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the transmission of HIV is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

HIV is most efficiently transmitted through blood exposure

Question 8

A patient presents with vesicular lesions on the genitalia, as shown in the eighth image. Which virus is most likely responsible, and what is a key feature of its pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus type 2; establishes latency in nerve cells

Question 9

Which of the following best describes why broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

UTIs are caused by a variety of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive species

Question 10

A patient with a history of untreated syphilis develops rubbery lesions on the skin and bones, as shown in the seventh image. Which stage of syphilis is this, and is it still treatable with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary syphilis; not treatable with antibiotics

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why condoms are not fully effective in preventing the transmission of genital warts caused by HPV?

Accepted Answer

HPV can be transmitted from areas not covered by condoms

Question 12

A patient with a urinary tract infection is found to have Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their urine. Which of the following is the most likely predisposing factor?

Accepted Answer

Recent catheterization

Question 13

Which of the following is a key reason why HIV is difficult for the immune system to eliminate?

Accepted Answer

HIV integrates its genome into host DNA and undergoes frequent antigenic changes

Question 14

A newborn develops conjunctivitis after delivery from a mother with an untreated sexually transmitted infection. Which infection is most likely, and what is the recommended prophylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Gonorrhea; silver nitrate or antibiotic eye drops

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the progression of untreated HIV infection as shown in the thirteenth image?

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T cell count decreases, viral load increases

Question 16

Which of the following is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in North America?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 17

A patient with untreated secondary syphilis presents with a widespread rash, as shown in the sixth image. What is a key feature of this stage?

Accepted Answer

Lesions are highly infectious and contain many bacteria

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why kidney infections (pyelonephritis) are considered life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

They can lead to scar tissue formation and interfere with kidney function

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended treatment for active genital herpes lesions?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards