Question 1

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are circular and located in the nucleoid region.

Question 3

Which type of plasmid is responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Resistance factors

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for removing supercoils in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Gyrase

Question 5

Which of the following base pairs is found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine–Cytosine

Question 6

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from 5'-ATG-3' to 5'-ATA-3'. What is the effect on the resulting polypeptide if this occurs at the start codon?

Accepted Answer

Translation will not initiate, and no protein will be produced.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides are required for DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They serve as both the building blocks and the energy source for polymerization.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA methylation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of genetics is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to form polypeptides.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic genomes are circular and found in the nucleoid, while eukaryotic genomes are linear and sequestered within a nucleus.

Question 11

Which of the following steps in transcription is responsible for the actual synthesis of the RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Elongation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence of mRNA.

Question 13

A bacterial cell is exposed to an antibiotic, but survives due to a gene carried on a plasmid. Which type of plasmid is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Resistance factor

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It is synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki fragments.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA transcribed from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic RNA (dRNA)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of DNA methylation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of DNA replication

Question 18

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They replicate independently of the chromosome.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 20

A mutation in a gene changes the genotype but does not alter the phenotype. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The mutation is silent due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.

Microbial Genetics: Structure and Replication of Genomes

Study Guide - Practice Questions