Question 1

Which of the following is the most common causative agent of sepsis in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

A patient presents with fever, chills, and a characteristic bull's-eye rash after hiking in the Midwest. Which disease is most likely, and what is the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 3

Which of the following viruses is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes and can cause severe joint pain, high fever, and jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever virus

Question 4

A patient with a history of surgery and indwelling catheter develops fever and chills. Blood cultures reveal Candida albicans. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Invasive candidiasis (candidemia)

Question 5

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan and is diagnosed by identifying parasites in blood smears?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever?

Accepted Answer

Virus infects macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to tissue damage and internal bleeding

Question 7

A patient presents with fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. Laboratory tests confirm Epstein-Barr virus infection. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Mononucleosis

Question 8

Which of the following is a major complication of untreated bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Heart valve dysfunction and organ failure

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of infected individuals ($$I$$), the transmission rate ($$\beta$$), and the susceptible population ($$S) in an $$epidemic model?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dI}{dt} = \beta S I$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for Zika virus transmission?

Accepted Answer

Use mosquito repellents and avoid unprotected sexual contact

Question 11

A patient presents with high fever, muscle aches, and a maculopapular rash after a tick bite in Arkansas. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Question 12

Which of the following is a key diagnostic method for HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Molecular test to detect viral RNA

Question 13

Which of the following is a common symptom of dengue fever that distinguishes it from other viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Severe muscle and joint pain ('breakbone fever')

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why malaria is endemic in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean?

Accepted Answer

Presence of Anopheles mosquitoes and suitable climate for Plasmodium reproduction

Question 15

A patient with HIV is at increased risk for which opportunistic infection discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Invasive candidiasis

Question 16

Which of the following is a critical step in diagnosing bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Blood culture to identify causative agent

Question 17

Which of the following is a major virulence factor for Plasmodium falciparum in malaria pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins that facilitate invasion of erythrocytes

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended supportive treatment for dengue fever?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluids and careful monitoring for hemorrhage

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the transmission of Ebola virus?

Accepted Answer

Direct contact with blood and body fluids of infected individuals

Question 20

A patient presents with fever, headache, and a maculopapular rash. Laboratory tests confirm Rickettsia rickettsii infection. What is the most likely vector?

Accepted Answer

Tick

Microbial Infections of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

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