Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation in terms of ATP yield from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces significantly more ATP than fermentation due to the complete oxidation of glucose and the use of the electron transport chain.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH$

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the complete aerobic catabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron transport chain

Question 4

In the electron transport chain, what is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 5

Which pathway operates independently of glycolysis and is found in Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Agrobacterium?

Accepted Answer

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Question 6

What is the main function of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$ $$CO_2$

Question 8

In lactic acid fermentation, what is the role of NADH?

Accepted Answer

It reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid, regenerating NAD^+$ for glycolysis.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why anaerobic respiration yields less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

The final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration is less efficient than $$O_2 at $$accepting electrons, resulting in less ATP production.

Question 10

A bacterium is growing in an environment without oxygen and uses nitrate ($$NO_3$$^-$$) as its final electron acceptor. Which process is this bacterium using?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADPH and provides intermediates for biosynthetic reactions.

Question 12

How many ATP molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of one NADH molecule in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 13

Which enzyme complex is responsible for synthesizing ATP as protons flow back across the membrane during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and $$CO_2$$

Question 16

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway will their cells primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 2NAD^+ + 2ADP + 2P_i \rightarrow 2C_3H_4O_3 + 2NADH + 2ATP + 2H_2O$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a key step in the catabolism of proteins before they can enter the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Deamination of amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain in prokaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is located in the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following industrial products is correctly matched with its fermentation end-product and microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Swiss cheese – Propionic acid – Propionibacterium

Chapter 5b - Microbial Metabolism: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Catabolism

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards