Q: Which equation best represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 2\text{NAD}^+ + 2\text{ADP} + 2\text{P}_i \rightarrow 2\text{Pyruvate} + 2\text{NADH} + 2\text{ATP} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$

Question 1

Which molecule is depicted in the first image, and what is its primary function in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP; it serves as the main energy currency of the cell.

Question 2

In the second image, which metabolic pathway is illustrated, and what is the net ATP gain per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation; 2 ATP

Question 3

A premature infant in a hospital develops a bloodstream infection with Citrobacter sedlakii after intubation. What is the most likely source of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Contaminated respiratory equipment (hospital-acquired infection)

Question 4

The fourth image shows a skin infection with honey-colored crusts. Which pathogen is most commonly responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

Which two processes together constitute metabolism, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 6

The sixth image illustrates enzyme action. What is the role of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy, speeding up the reaction.

Question 7

In aerobic respiration (seventh image), what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O$_2$)

Question 8

Referencing the eighth image, what is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 9

The ninth image shows ATP synthase. Which process directly powers the synthesis of ATP in this enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of protons (H$^+$) down their gradient (chemiosmosis)

Question 10

Which test would best distinguish between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species in a clinical sample?

Accepted Answer

Catalase test

Question 11

Why are multiple carbohydrate fermentation tests performed when identifying bacterial species?

Accepted Answer

To identify the pattern of sugar fermentation unique to each species

Question 12

Which equation best represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 2	ext{NAD}^+ + 2	ext{ADP} + 2	ext{P}_i ightarrow 2	ext{Pyruvate} + 2	ext{NADH} + 2	ext{ATP} + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Partial oxidation of sugar with an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor

Question 14

A patient’s CSF culture is positive for a Gram-negative rod that is citrate positive. Which test result would further support the identification of Citrobacter sedlakii?

Accepted Answer

Positive phenol red fermentation of dulcitol

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of ions across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cefotaxime was chosen to treat Mark’s infection?

Accepted Answer

It is effective against Gram-negative rods and Citrobacter sedlakii is often resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a building block for DNA synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 19

Which of the following is a common misconception about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are permanently changed after catalyzing a reaction.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why wrestlers are at higher risk for impetigo compared to other athletes?

Accepted Answer

They have more frequent skin-to-skin contact and exposure to contaminated surfaces.

Chp 5 Microbial Metabolism Case Studies & Vocabulary – Guided Study

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