Q: Which equation correctly represents aerobic respiration in microbes?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow \text{energy} + 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down large molecules into small ones, releasing energy, while anabolism uses energy to build large molecules from small ones.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents aerobic respiration in microbes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 	ext{energy} + 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 3

A polluted river is contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Which microbial process is most relevant for cleaning up this pollution?

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes in metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.

Question 5

Which law states that energy can be transferred and transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 6

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a microbial nutritional type and its energy source?

Accepted Answer

Phototroph – light

Question 8

In the electron transport chain, what is the primary function of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize ATP using the energy from the proton motive force as $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ travel through the enzyme

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the regeneration of NAD$$^+$$ from NADH during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of pyruvate to ethanol or lactate

Question 10

Which of the following is a feature of anoxygenic phototrophy?

Accepted Answer

No oxygen is generated during the process

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes CO$$_2$$ into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason why anabolic and catabolic pathways are not identical?

Accepted Answer

Some enzymes function only in one direction

Question 13

A bacterium is growing in an environment lacking oxygen but containing nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}). $$Which metabolic process is it most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why energy is required for anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, which is energetically unfavorable

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of precursor metabolites in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They serve as starting substrates for biosynthetic pathways

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat during every energy transfer or transformation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a microbial nutritional type and its electron source?

Accepted Answer

Lithotroph – reduced inorganic molecules

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of microbial metabolism in industry?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibiotics

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy currency, coupling catabolic and anabolic reactions

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the regulation of metabolism in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is regulated to balance the rate of turnover with the rate of biosynthesis

Microbial Metabolism: Catabolism, Anabolism, and Energy Pathways

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