Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents substrate-level phosphorylation?

$\mathrm{ADP} + \text{substrate-P} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \text{substrate}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the ultimate function of metabolism in a microbial cell?

Accepted Answer

To reproduce the organism by coordinating energy and macromolecule synthesis

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways are exergonic, while anabolic pathways are endergonic

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of an electron carrier and its function?

Accepted Answer

ATP : carries electrons as ATPH2

Question 4

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$2$ ATP and $2$ NADH

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ADP} + 	ext{substrate-P} ightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + 	ext{substrate}$

Question 7

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme acts by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why electrons carried by NADH yield more ATP than those carried by FADH2 in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH donates electrons earlier in the chain, allowing more protons to be pumped and more ATP to be generated

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 11

Which enzyme class is responsible for transferring functional groups from one molecule to another?

Accepted Answer

Transferase

Question 12

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces $1$ ATP, $1$ NADH, and $1$ NADPH per glucose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are organic molecules that assist in transferring chemical groups or electrons

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct equation for the reduction of NAD+ during a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{NADH} + H^+$

Question 16

A bacterium is growing in an anaerobic environment and uses nitrate ($\mathrm{NO}_3^-$) as its final electron acceptor. Which process is this bacterium performing?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why catabolism of amino acids results in ammonia production?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids contain nitrogen, which is released as ammonia during deamination

Question 18

Which statement about the regulation of metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells synthesize enzymes only when the substrate is available

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, because it can function in both catabolism and anabolism

Microbial Metabolism: Foundations and Pathways

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