$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred and transformed.

Question 2

A glucose molecule contains energy stored in its chemical bonds. This is an example of which type of energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 3

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of the universe during energy transfers?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

The reaction proceeds with a net loss of free energy.

Question 5

ATP hydrolysis releases energy by breaking the bond between which groups?

Accepted Answer

Two phosphate groups

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Energy coupling in cells often involves ATP. Which statement best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP fuels endergonic reactions.

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis starting with one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of one glucose molecule to two pyruvate molecules.

Question 9

Which pathway produces NADPH and precursor metabolites for biosynthesis but does NOT produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Question 10

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O2

Question 11

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of competitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme and inhibits the substrate to bind.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition of a pathway can only be accomplished by the products of that pathway.

Question 15

Which of the following is a by-product of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 16

Which equation summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 17

Which of the following occurs in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 18

Which of the following pigments does NOT absorb yellow/orange light (650-750nm)?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 19

What is the important difference between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic photosynthesis generates ATP but not NADPH.

Microbial Metabolism: Foundations and Pathways

Study Guide - Practice Questions