Q: Which equation correctly represents aerobic respiration in microbes?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow \text{energy} + 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down large molecules into small ones, releasing energy, while anabolism builds large molecules from small ones, requiring energy.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents aerobic respiration in microbes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 	ext{energy} + 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 3

Why is microbial metabolism important in the context of environmental bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

Microbial metabolism allows the breakdown of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides, aiding in environmental cleanup.

Question 4

Which law states that energy can be transferred and transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 5

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to proceed more rapidly.

Question 7

Which of the following is a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}$$

Question 8

A bacterium is found to use light as an energy source and $$\mathrm{CO_2$} as a $$carbon source. Which nutritional type does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the regeneration of NAD$$^+$$ from NADH during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of pyruvate to lactate or ethanol

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Calvin-Benson cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the main pathway for $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ fixation in most autotrophs.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why anabolic and catabolic pathways are often physically separated in cells?

Accepted Answer

To prevent futile cycles and allow regulation of biosynthesis and degradation.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 13

A microbe uses $$\mathrm{SO_4$^{2-}} as a $$terminal electron acceptor and produces $$\mathrm{H_2S}. $$Which process is this microbe performing?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of microbial metabolism in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

Degradation of plastics

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP using the proton motive force as protons flow back into the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nutritional type and its energy/electron source?

Accepted Answer

Chemoorganoheterotroph – organic molecules

Question 17

Which of the following is a key reason why many enzymes are used in both catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

To save genetic storage capacity and energy

Question 18

A bacterium is found to use reduced inorganic substances as an electron source and $$\mathrm{CO_2$} as a $$carbon source. Which nutritional type does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 19

Which of the following is a common intermediate (precursor metabolite) used in both catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in microbial metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC generates a proton motive force used to synthesize ATP.

Microbial Metabolism: Pathways, Energy, and Biosynthesis

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