$$2 \text{ ATP} = 4 \text{ ATP produced} - 2 \text{ ATP consumed}$$

$$2 \text{ ATP}, 6 \text{ NADH}, 2 \text{ FADH}_2, 4 \text{ CO}_2$$

$$\text{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ \rightarrow \text{NADH} + H^+$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down macromolecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build macromolecules.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP gain from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ ATP} = 4 	ext{ ATP produced} - 2 	ext{ ATP consumed}$$

Question 3

During the citric acid cycle, which of the following is produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ ATP}, 6 	ext{ NADH}, 2 	ext{ FADH}_2, 4 	ext{ CO}_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 6

In the electron transport chain, what is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a key function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is necessary in some cells?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the reduction of NAD+?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ ightarrow 	ext{NADH} + H^+$$

Question 10

Which of the following is true about photoautotrophs?

Accepted Answer

They use light as their energy source and $$CO_2 as $$their carbon source.

Question 11

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms allows a cell to slow or stop an anabolic pathway when the end product is abundant?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$P_i.$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis in phototrophs?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

The product of one reaction often serves as the substrate for the next reaction.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids into two-carbon units that form acetyl-CoA.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct summary of the energy yield from complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ ATP}$$ from glycolysis, $$2 	ext{ ATP}$$ from citric acid cycle, up to $$32 	ext{ ATP}$$ from oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, because it can function in both catabolic and anabolic processes.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells regulate metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

To conserve energy and resources by producing only what is needed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Microbial Metabolism: Pathways, Energy, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions