Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down large molecules and releases energy, while anabolism synthesizes large molecules and requires energy.

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 3

Which process produces the most ATP in a typical bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 4

A microbe that uses light as an energy source and $CO_2$ as a carbon source is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are highly specific for their substrates.

Question 6

In glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 7

Which of the following is a common end product of fermentation in yeast?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 8

What is the main function of the proton motive force (PMF) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a chemolithoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses inorganic compounds for energy and $CO_2$ for carbon

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for incorporating ammonia into amino acids during biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glutamine synthetase

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use an electron transport chain, while anaerobic respiration does.

Question 12

Which of the following is a storage compound for long-term energy in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 13

What is the role of NADH in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acts as an electron carrier, donating electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 14

Which of the following adaptations would you expect in the membrane lipids of bacteria living in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

Short, unsaturated fatty acids

Question 15

Which pathway is primarily responsible for generating NADPH for biosynthetic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 16

A bacterium that uses $N_2$ from the atmosphere and converts it to $NH_3$ is performing which process?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which is released when converted to ADP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

Uses the proton motive force to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are loosely bound and often derived from vitamins, assisting in catalysis.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a possible final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Microbial Metabolism: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Study Guide - Practice Questions