Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship among metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the cell, including catabolism (breakdown of molecules to release energy) and anabolism (synthesis of molecules requiring energy).

Question 2

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions and are not changed by the reaction.

Question 3

A holoenzyme is composed of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An apoenzyme and one or more cofactors

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the 'lock-and-key' model of enzyme-substrate interaction?

Accepted Answer

The substrate binds to the enzyme's active site with high specificity, forming a temporary complex.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a regulated enzyme?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme whose synthesis is induced only when its substrate is present.

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms of enzyme control involves a molecule binding to a regulatory site, changing the enzyme's conformation, and preventing substrate binding?

Accepted Answer

Noncompetitive inhibition

Question 7

In a redox reaction, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 8

Which molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 9

What is the maximum net yield of ATP per molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$36 to$$ $$38$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O_2$} ($$oxygen)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It is the incomplete oxidation of glucose using organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors, yielding a small amount of ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle per acetyl-CoA molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$ ATP, $$3$$ NADH, $$1$$ $$FADH_2$$, and $$2$$ $$CO_2$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are electron carriers that donate electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that integrates both catabolic and anabolic reactions, such as the Krebs cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The ETC is located in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of the proton motive force generated by the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of enzyme induction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are produced only when their specific substrate is present.

Question 18

Which of the following is a possible fate of pyruvate in a bacterial cell under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It can be reduced to lactic acid or ethanol during fermentation.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the catabolism of noncarbohydrate compounds is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are deaminated and converted into Krebs cycle intermediates.

Microbial Metabolism: Structure, Function, and Pathways

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