Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down larger molecules to release energy, which is then used by anabolism to build macromolecules from smaller precursors.

Question 2

During a redox reaction in microbial metabolism, which molecule is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

The molecule that loses electrons

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of ATP phosphorylation in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolytic phosphorylation

Question 4

A holoenzyme is composed of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Apoenzyme and cofactor

Question 5

Which enzyme class catalyzes the transfer of electrons or hydrogen atoms from one molecule to another?

Accepted Answer

Oxidoreductase

Question 6

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity when the enzyme is already saturated?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity remains constant at its maximum rate.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about competitive inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 8

In the glycolytic pathway, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 9

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 10

What is the main purpose of fermentation in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP, $$6$$ NADH, $$2$$ $$FADH_2$$, and $$4$$ $$CO_2$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than oxygen.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a typical end-product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 15

Which pathway is used by some bacteria as an alternative to glycolysis and produces both NADH and NADPH?

Accepted Answer

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Question 16

What is the main role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To carry electrons from catabolic reactions to the electron transport chain

Question 17

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition occurs when the end-product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units for entry into the citric acid cycle

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes $$CO_2$$ into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 20

Which of the following best defines an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that can function in both catabolism and anabolism

Ch 5 Microbial Metabolism: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions