$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,O_2$ \rightarrow 6\,CO_2$ + 6\,H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which molecule is the main energy source responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 2

Which enzyme is the most important for the assimilation of organic nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

Glutamine synthetase

Question 3

Which product is formed as a result of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid and/or ethanol

Question 4

What does 'chemolithotrophy' mean in nitrogen metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidizing inorganic nitrogen for energy

Question 5

Which of these metabolic pathways occurs in both heterotrophs and autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 6

What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Amount of ATP produced

Question 7

NADH is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Transfers electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 8

What happens to protons in the ETC?

Accepted Answer

They accumulate outside the cell membrane

Question 9

How is the energy released by the electron transport chain captured prior to ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pumping protons across a membrane

Question 10

The Calvin cycle and the reverse TCA cycle are both carbon fixation pathways. Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both require energy input in the form of ATP

Question 11

Lactic acid fermentation produces more ATP than aerobic respiration. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Question 12

Which metabolic pathway is used by autotrophs to fix carbon into organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle

Question 13

All life requires oxygen to perform respiration. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Question 14

The reverse TCA cycle does not require any enzymes related to the normal TCA cycle. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Question 15

All forms of photosynthesis generate molecular oxygen. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Question 16

You would expect deep-sea microorganisms to make heavy use of anaerobic respiration. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Question 17

Which equation best represents aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,O_2$ ightarrow 6\,CO_2$ + 6\,H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 19

Which of the following is a key product of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 20

In the context of microbial metabolism, which pathway is most likely to be used by a chemolithoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Reverse TCA cycle

Microbiology Exam Study Guide: Metabolism, Respiration, and Biochemical Pathways

Study Guide - Practice Questions