Question 1

Which of the following is a major innate defense mechanism of the urinary tract that helps prevent microbial colonization?

Accepted Answer

Flushing action of urine flow

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman presents with dysuria, frequent urination, and cloudy urine. Which organism is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why women are more prone to urinary tract infections than men?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and closer to the anus

Question 4

Which of the following is a key virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that allows it to evade the host immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phase and antigenic variation of fimbriae

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) following a gonococcal infection. Which of the following complications is most likely to result from PID?

Accepted Answer

Infertility due to fallopian tube scarring

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis in the female reproductive tract?

Accepted Answer

It grows intracellularly, evading phagolysosomal fusion and causing inflammation.

Question 7

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by a protozoan and is associated with a frothy, greenish vaginal discharge?

Accepted Answer

Trichomoniasis

Question 8

A newborn develops conjunctivitis and pneumonia shortly after birth. The mother was asymptomatic but not screened during pregnancy. Which pathogen is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 9

Which of the following is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea according to the CDC?

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or doxycycline

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It binds to mucosal epithelium by its hooked tip and spreads systemically.

Question 11

A patient presents with a painless genital ulcer that heals spontaneously, followed weeks later by a widespread rash. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Syphilis

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of genital herpes compared to other genital ulcer diseases?

Accepted Answer

Lesions are vesicular and can recur due to viral latency

Question 13

Which of the following HPV types is most strongly associated with cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV-16

Question 14

A 32-year-old woman is found to have abnormal cervical cells on a Pap smear. Which viral mechanism is most responsible for the development of these precancerous changes?

Accepted Answer

Activation of oncogenes by HPV

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why repeated Chlamydia infections increase the risk of infertility?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes occur with each infection.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus infection?

Accepted Answer

Screening pregnant women and administering intrapartum antibiotics

Question 17

A sexually active male presents with urethritis and a yellowish discharge. Gram stain reveals gram-negative diplococci. Which test would best confirm the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Gram stain of urethral discharge

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of lactobacilli in the female genital tract during the childbearing years?

Accepted Answer

They produce acid, lowering the vaginal pH and inhibiting pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a common complication of untreated secondary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Development of gummas in tertiary syphilis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why genital herpes can be transmitted even when no lesions are visible?

Accepted Answer

Viral shedding can occur from mucosal surfaces without visible lesions.

Pathogenic Microorganisms of the Urogenital Tract & Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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