Q: Which equation best represents the process by which retroviruses synthesize DNA from their RNA genome?

$$\text{ssRNA} \xrightarrow{\text{reverse transcriptase}} \text{dsDNA}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

$$\text{HA}_{1} + \text{HA}_{2} \rightarrow \text{HA}_{ ext{new}}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the replication cycle of HIV?

$$\text{ssRNA} \xrightarrow{\text{reverse transcriptase}} \text{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{\text{integration}} \text{host genome}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the genomic structure of retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

Positive single-stranded RNA genome that is converted to DNA

Question 2

A patient presents with acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting after attending a daycare center. Which virus family is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Caliciviridae

Question 3

Which preventative measure is most effective in reducing the transmission of rhinoviruses, the most common cause of the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Handwashing

Question 4

Poliovirus can cause several conditions. Which of the following is NOT a condition caused by poliovirus?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A

Question 5

Which equation best represents the process by which retroviruses synthesize DNA from their RNA genome?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ssRNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{reverse transcriptase}} 	ext{dsDNA}$$

Question 6

A child presents with lesions on the hand and in the mouth, as shown in the provided image. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Coxsackie A virus

Question 7

Which hepatitis virus is most likely to cause severe disease in pregnant women, with a fatality rate of up to 20%?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis E

Question 8

Which of the following viruses is transmitted primarily by arthropod vectors and can cause encephalitis, dengue fever, and yellow fever?

Accepted Answer

Togaviridae and Flaviviridae

Question 9

A patient develops a rash of flat, pink to red spots after respiratory infection. Which virus is most likely responsible, and what is the best prevention method?

Accepted Answer

Rubella virus; vaccination

Question 10

Which hepatitis virus requires co-infection with hepatitis B virus to be virulent and is associated with hepatic cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis D

Question 11

Which of the following statements about HIV is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

gp120 exhibits antigenic variability, impeding immune clearance

Question 12

A patient presents with severe respiratory distress and syncytia formation in the lungs. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 13

Which equation best represents the antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{HA}_{1} + 	ext{HA}_{2} ightarrow 	ext{HA}_{	ext{new}}$$

Question 14

Which virus is the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis and is a significant cause of death in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Question 15

A patient bitten by a bat develops hydrophobia and neurological symptoms. What is the most appropriate immediate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Injection of human rabies immune globulin and vaccination with HDCV

Question 16

Which virus family includes only microbes with genomes composed of double-stranded RNA?

Accepted Answer

Reoviridae

Question 17

A patient presents with severe bleeding under the skin and from every body opening after exposure to contaminated body fluids. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Ebola virus

Question 18

Which equation best represents the replication cycle of HIV?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ssRNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{reverse transcriptase}} 	ext{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{integration}} 	ext{host genome}$$

Question 19

Which virus is associated with zoonotic disease called Colorado tick fever and is usually self-limiting?

Accepted Answer

Coltivirus

Question 20

A patient presents with parotitis, a painful enlargement of the parotid salivary glands. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mumps virus

Pathogenic RNA Viruses: Structure, Classification, and Human Diseases

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