Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of using the pGLO plasmid in bacterial transformation experiments?

Accepted Answer

To introduce genes that allow bacteria to express new traits, such as antibiotic resistance and fluorescence

Question 2

What is the function of the beta-lactamase gene on the pGLO plasmid?

Accepted Answer

It enables bacteria to survive in the presence of ampicillin by breaking down the antibiotic

Question 3

During the transformation procedure, why is CaCl$$_2$$ used?

Accepted Answer

To shield the negative charges on DNA and the bacterial membrane, facilitating DNA uptake

Question 4

Which step in the transformation protocol is responsible for increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Heat shock at 42$$^	ext{o}C$$

Question 5

A student performs a transformation and plates bacteria on LB/amp/ara plates. Which of the following is necessary for the bacteria to glow under UV light?

Accepted Answer

Presence of the pGLO plasmid and arabinose in the media

Question 6

What is the role of the AraC protein in the pGLO system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a regulatory protein that controls the expression of the GFP gene in response to arabinose

Question 7

Why is LB broth added after the heat shock step in the transformation protocol?

Accepted Answer

To allow the bacteria to recover and express the newly acquired genes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why only transformed bacteria grow on LB/amp plates?

Accepted Answer

Only transformed bacteria express beta-lactamase, which breaks down ampicillin

Question 9

A researcher wants to produce large quantities of a human protein using bacteria. Which sequence of steps is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Insert the gene into a plasmid, transform bacteria, grow bacteria, purify the protein

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Production of vaccines and insulin

Question 11

If a student forgets to add the pGLO plasmid to the +pGLO tube, what will be the expected result on the LB/amp plate?

Accepted Answer

No bacterial growth will be observed

Question 12

Which component of the pGLO plasmid acts as the origin of replication?

Accepted Answer

ori

Question 13

Why is arabinose included in some of the agar plates during the pGLO experiment?

Accepted Answer

To induce the expression of the GFP gene

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmids in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

They are circular DNA molecules used to transfer genes into bacteria

Question 15

A scientist wants to confirm that only transformed E. coli express GFP. Which plate should she examine under UV light?

Accepted Answer

LB/amp/ara plate with +pGLO bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the standard bacterial transformation protocol described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

Direct injection of plasmid DNA into the bacterial chromosome

Question 17

What would happen if the recovery step on ice after heat shock is omitted?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane may not properly reseal, reducing transformation efficiency

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why transformed bacteria can be selected using ampicillin?

Accepted Answer

Transformed bacteria express beta-lactamase, which inactivates ampicillin

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of molecular events for protein production in transformed bacteria?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which is translated to protein

Question 20

A plate contains LB/amp/ara and is inoculated with –pGLO bacteria. What is the expected result after incubation?

Accepted Answer

No bacterial growth will be observed

pGLO Bacterial Transformation and Recombinant DNA Technology

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