Question 1

Which of the following best describes phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Attaching a phosphate group $\mathrm{(PO_4^{3-})}$ to an ion or molecule

Question 2

During substrate-level phosphorylation, which molecule is directly produced?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 3

Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and involves the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Photophosphorylation is most closely associated with which biological process?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 5

In glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_3H_6O_3}$

Question 7

Which microorganism is primarily responsible for alcoholic fermentation in bread and beer production?

Accepted Answer

Saccharomyces

Question 8

What is the main purpose of fermentation in cells when oxygen is not available?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$^+$ for glycolysis

Question 9

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 10

A muscle cell under anaerobic conditions will most likely produce which compound?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 11

Which equation represents the conversion of ADP to ATP during phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ADP + P_i \rightarrow ATP}$

Question 12

Which process is NOT a type of phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic phosphorylation

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt production

Question 14

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 16

Which enzyme is involved in substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 17

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells convert pyruvate into which products?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 18

Which of the following is a multi-step process that integrates glycolysis and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glucose $\rightarrow$ Pyruvate $\rightarrow$ Lactic acid

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 20

Which microorganism is used in the production of soy sauce via lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Aspergillus

Phosphorylation and Fermentation: Microbial Metabolism Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions