$$\text{Prevalence} = \frac{\text{Number of new cases} + \text{Number of existing cases}}{\text{Population}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and human skin?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism, where the bacterium benefits and the human is unaffected

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 3

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limb due to blockage of lymph drainage. Which parasite is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Rapid onset and strong response

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in blood and is responsible for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of disease prevalence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prevalence} = \frac{	ext{Number of new cases} + 	ext{Number of existing cases}}{	ext{Population}}$$

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for immunological surveillance and attacks virus-infected and cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a portal of entry for pathogens that is NOT typically associated with mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

Skin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It is triggered by antibodies binding to antigens

Question 10

A patient with HIV is unable to produce IL-2. What is the consequence for their immune system?

Accepted Answer

Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are impaired

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Maturation → Killing → Elimination

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of adaptive immunity that distinguishes it from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Specificity

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of lysozyme in tears and saliva?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of MHC II molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are found on professional antigen-presenting cells and stimulate helper T cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of mutualism in the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

E. coli in the large intestine synthesizing vitamin K for the host

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of antigenic variation by pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Evasion of host immune defenses

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating disease incidence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Incidence} = \frac{	ext{Number of new cases}}{	ext{Population}}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Presenting antigens to T cells

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Slow onset and weaker response

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of IgE antibodies?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in allergic reactions and bind to mast cells

Principles of Disease, Pathogenesis, and Immunology: The Lymphatic System and Host Defenses

Study Guide - Practice Questions