Q: Which equation best represents the process of viral genome replication for a dsDNA animal virus?

$$\mathrm{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{\text{DNA polymerase}} \mathrm{dsDNA}$$

Q: Which of the following equations best represents the transcription of viral mRNA from a dsDNA genome?

$$\mathrm{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{\text{RNA polymerase}} \mathrm{mRNA}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference in the release mechanism between enveloped and nonenveloped animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped viruses are released by budding, acquiring a membrane from the host cell, while nonenveloped viruses are typically released by host cell lysis.

Question 2

A virus is observed to have glycoprotein spikes on its surface and lacks a tail structure. Which type of virus is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

An animal virus

Question 3

Which of the following steps in the dsDNA animal virus replication cycle is most likely to occur in the host cell nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of viral DNA and transcription of viral mRNA

Question 4

A patient presents with a vesicular rash and fever. Laboratory tests reveal a dsDNA virus. Which of the following viruses is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox)

Question 5

Which equation best represents the process of viral genome replication for a dsDNA animal virus?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{DNA polymerase}} \mathrm{dsDNA}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a key structural difference between bacteriophages and animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages often have tails and tail fibers, while animal viruses typically have glycoprotein spikes.

Question 7

A scientist observes a virus that enters animal cells by membrane fusion. Which of the following viruses is most likely to use this entry mechanism?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is caused by a dsDNA virus?

Accepted Answer

Smallpox

Question 9

During the assembly stage of animal virus replication, where can assembly occur that is NOT typical for bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

At the plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why animal viruses do not have tails or tail fibers?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells lack a cell wall, so viruses use glycoprotein spikes to attach to host cell receptors.

Question 11

A virus is observed to be released from a host cell without causing cell lysis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The virus is enveloped and is released by budding from the host cell membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following viruses is most likely to be observed in a TEM image as a particle with a prominent tail structure?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophage T4

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of uncoating in animal virus replication?

Accepted Answer

The viral capsid is removed, releasing the viral genome into the host cytoplasm.

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the transcription of viral mRNA from a dsDNA genome?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{dsDNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{RNA polymerase}} \mathrm{mRNA}$$

Question 15

A child presents with warts on their hands. Which virus is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Papillomavirus

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible reason why dsDNA viruses often use the host cell nucleus for replication?

Accepted Answer

The host cell nucleus contains the necessary enzymes for DNA replication and transcription.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enveloped viruses are generally more sensitive to detergents and solvents than nonenveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

Detergents and solvents disrupt the lipid bilayer envelope, inactivating the virus.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the replication of a dsDNA animal virus?

Accepted Answer

Attachment → Entry → Uncoating → Synthesis → Assembly → Release

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with hepatitis B. Which of the following statements about the causative virus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a hepadnavirus with a partially double-stranded DNA genome.

lec 19

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards