Question 1

Which virus is most commonly associated with the use of the device shown in the first image (an iron lung) for supportive care during outbreaks in the mid-20th century?

Accepted Answer

Poliovirus

Question 2

The child in the second image displays a facial rash. Which virus is most likely responsible for this presentation, considering the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Measles virus (Morbillivirus)

Question 3

The third image shows conjunctivitis. Which RNA virus is most commonly associated with this symptom in children, along with respiratory symptoms and hand-foot-mouth disease?

Accepted Answer

Coxsackievirus A

Question 4

The fourth image shows a child with white spots inside the mouth. What are these spots called, and which virus causes them?

Accepted Answer

Koplik spots, caused by measles virus

Question 5

The fifth image shows lesions on the soles of the feet. Which virus is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Coxsackievirus A (Hand-foot-mouth disease)

Question 6

The sixth image shows jaundice. Which virus is most likely responsible for this symptom in a patient with a history of fecal-oral transmission?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Question 7

Which virus is depicted in the seventh image, showing its structure and interaction with ICAM-1, and is responsible for the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Human rhinovirus

Question 8

The eighth image shows a virus with a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome. Which virus is this, and what disease does it cause in infants?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus, causes severe diarrhea

Question 9

The ninth image illustrates the replication cycle of an RNA virus that requires cap stealing for mRNA synthesis. Which virus is this?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Question 10

The tenth image shows a cross-section of a virus with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes. What is the primary function of neuraminidase?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates viral budding and release from host cells

Question 11

The eleventh image shows a timeline of influenza infection. At which stage does secondary bacterial infection most commonly occur?

Accepted Answer

During convalescence

Question 12

The twelfth image shows a hemagglutination assay. What is the principle behind this assay in detecting influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

Virus binds to red blood cells causing agglutination

Question 13

The thirteenth image shows reassortment of influenza virus segments among pigs, birds, and humans. What is the term for this process?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic shift

Question 14

The fourteenth image shows a rodent, which is a reservoir for a virus causing severe pulmonary syndrome in humans. Which virus is this?

Accepted Answer

Sin Nombre hantavirus

Question 15

The fifteenth image shows individuals in biosafety level 4 suits. Which viruses require this level of containment?

Accepted Answer

Bunyaviruses and Arenaviruses

Question 16

The sixteenth image shows bullet-shaped virions. Which virus is this, and what is its primary mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus, transmitted by animal bites

Question 17

The seventeenth image shows a patient with muscle spasms and paralysis. Which virus is most likely responsible for this clinical presentation?

Accepted Answer

Poliovirus

Question 18

The eighteenth image shows Negri bodies in nervous tissue. What is the significance of these inclusions?

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic for rabies infection

Question 19

The nineteenth image shows the replication cycle of RSV. Which drug is used to treat severe RSV infection and what is its mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Ribavirin, increases mutation rate by reducing GTP

Question 20

The twentieth image shows a child with swelling of the cheeks. Which virus is responsible for this presentation and what is the main complication in adult males?

Accepted Answer

Mumps virus; epididymis and testes infection

RNA Viruses Infecting Humans: Structure, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Syndromes

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