Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing their DNA, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region without a surrounding membrane.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and how do their sizes differ?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes; prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S and eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a single circular chromosome, no nucleus, and the presence of a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. Which type of organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic DNA is associated with histone proteins, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Histones compact the DNA, allowing it to fit inside the nucleus and regulate gene expression.

Question 5

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells that allows them to survive extreme environmental stress, such as heat or desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Endospores

Question 6

A cell is observed to have ether-linked phospholipids in its membrane. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the capsule or slime layer in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It aids in attachment to surfaces and protects against desiccation and immune responses.

Question 8

Which of the following transport processes requires energy input in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

A patient with cystic fibrosis is at high risk for fatal lung infections due to biofilm formation by which bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, specifically microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and enabling vesicle transport within the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate in industrial and medical settings?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms provide protection from antibiotics, disinfectants, and immune responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of prokaryotic versus eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic flagella spin using Na+ or H+ gradients, while eukaryotic flagella move in a wave-like motion using ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

A researcher finds a microbe with a cell wall made of chitin. This organism is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a carrier protein, without energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide extra genetic information, such as antibiotic resistance genes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of biofilm formation by bacteria on industrial equipment?

Accepted Answer

Corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks, leading to significant economic losses.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of hopanoids in bacterial cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain membrane fluidity, similar to the role of cholesterol in eukaryotes.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for a prokaryotic cell with a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis, but the cell wall will prevent complete collapse.

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells that is not found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

Structural Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

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