Question 1

Which of the following best describes the four main events required for cell division in all organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell division signals, DNA replication, DNA segregation, and cytokinesis

Question 2

In prokaryotic cell division, what is the function of the 'ori' region?

Accepted Answer

It is the origin of DNA replication where replication begins.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, all cells divide if conditions are favorable; in eukaryotes, only a few cells divide, and they do so according to a developmental program.

Question 4

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

If a eukaryotic cell has 1.6 pg of DNA in G2, how much DNA did it have in G1?

Accepted Answer

$$0.8\ \mathrm{pg}$$

Question 6

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a protein, regulating cell cycle progression.

Question 7

What would be the effect of an environmental change that leads to the production of less than the expected amount of cyclin during G1?

Accepted Answer

It would decrease CDK activity, decrease phosphorylation of the target protein, and result in more cells being stopped at the checkpoint.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the products of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical nuclei.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about plant cytokinesis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles fuse to form a cell plate.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis results in cell swelling and bursting, while apoptosis involves controlled cell fragmentation and recycling.

Question 11

Which protein acts as a negative regulator of the cell cycle and is often inactivated in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma protein (RB)

Question 12

A mutation that causes overproduction of HER2 and inactivation of RB protein in a cell would most likely result in:

Accepted Answer

Unregulated cell division and increased risk of cancer

Question 13

Why are cancer-fighting drugs often given in combination rather than as a single drug?

Accepted Answer

Cancers often have multiple mutations in different cells of the tumor, and some of these mutations might affect different parts of the cell cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following drugs would most likely block DNA replication in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

5-fluorouracil

Question 15

What is the role of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It hydrolyzes cohesin, allowing sister chromatids to separate.

Question 16

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before chromatid separation?

Accepted Answer

Spindle assembly checkpoint at the end of metaphase

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why apoptosis is important during development?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the removal of cells that are no longer needed, such as the connective tissue between the fingers of a fetus.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a growth factor stimulating cell division?

Accepted Answer

Platelet-derived growth factor stimulating skin cells to divide and heal wounds

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of caspases during apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

They hydrolyze membrane proteins and nucleosomes, leading to controlled cell death.

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell with highly condensed chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Regulation, Mechanisms, and Implications

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