Question 1

Which of the following is a natural defense mechanism of the genitourinary tract that helps prevent microbial infections?

Accepted Answer

Flushing action of urine

Question 2

Lactobacillus species are important members of the female reproductive tract microbiome because they produce lactic acid. What is the effect of lactic acid production?

Accepted Answer

Lowers vaginal pH to 3.5–4.5

Question 3

Which pathogen is most commonly responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 4

A patient presents with urgency to urinate, burning sensation upon urination, and pus in the urine. Which part of the urinary tract is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bladder (cystitis)

Question 5

Which of the following is a virulence factor of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) that allows it to cause UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae for adherence

Question 6

Which of the following pathogens is included in the TORCH group and can be vertically transmitted to a developing fetus, potentially causing congenital defects?

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 7

A newborn is diagnosed with ophthalmia neonatorum. Which bacterial infection is most likely responsible, and what is the recommended prophylactic treatment?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae; erythromycin

Question 8

Which phase of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a painless chancre at the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Primary syphilis

Question 9

A patient presents with a red or brown rash on the skin and hair loss three months after initial infection. Which stage of syphilis is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary syphilis

Question 10

Which of the following is a complication of untreated tertiary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Gummas in the liver, skin, bone

Question 11

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans?

Accepted Answer

Azole antifungal drugs

Question 12

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis. Which of the following is a key virulence factor?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx for adherence

Question 13

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is most closely associated with which complication?

Accepted Answer

Cervical and genitourinary cancer

Question 14

Which HPV types are most closely associated with the development of cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV-16 and HPV-18

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which bacterial infections are most commonly associated with this complication?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

Direct contact via sex or childbirth

Question 17

Which of the following is a virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that helps it evade host defenses?

Accepted Answer

IgA proteases

Question 18

A patient presents with thick, curd-like colonies on the walls of the vagina and vaginal itching. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is used as a first-line therapy for lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin or doxycycline

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why women are at greater risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI) than men?

Accepted Answer

Short and straight female urethra in close proximity to the anus

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections: Microbiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards