Q: Which equation best represents the size comparison between a human red blood cell and a typical virus, based on the provided diagram?

$$10,000\ \text{nm} \div 100\ \text{nm} = 100$$

Q: Which of the following equations best represents the number of base pairs in an E. coli chromosome compared to a typical viral genome?

$$4,000,000\ \text{bp} \div 250,000\ \text{bp} = 16$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the host range of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can infect animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria, but most are specific for a single host species.

Question 2

A virus is found to have a segmented, double-stranded RNA genome and a lipid envelope. According to the classification criteria, which features are used to classify this virus?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid type, capsid structure, and envelope presence.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

They contain both DNA and RNA as genetic material.

Question 4

During the multiplication of animal viruses, which step involves the separation of viral nucleic acid from the capsid?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating

Question 5

Which equation best represents the size comparison between a human red blood cell and a typical virus, based on the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

$$10,000\ 	ext{nm} \div 100\ 	ext{nm} = 100$$

Question 6

Which of the following viruses is most likely to cause a latent infection that can be reactivated years later?

Accepted Answer

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Question 7

What is the minimal structure required for a virus to be infectious?

Accepted Answer

Nucleocapsid (nucleic acid and capsid)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process by which enveloped viruses are released from the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Budding through the plasma membrane

Question 9

A patient develops cirrhosis and liver cancer years after an initial viral infection. Which type of viral infection is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Chronic infection

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Prions are infectious protein particles with no genetic material.

Question 11

Which virus is most closely associated with the development of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains how a prion protein (PP) can convert a normal protein (NP) into a disease-causing form?

Accepted Answer

PP acts as a template, inducing NP to adopt the prion shape.

Question 13

Which of the following is a feature of polyhedral viruses, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

They have 20 triangular faces and are usually icosahedral.

Question 14

Which step in viral multiplication is primarily responsible for the synthesis of viral proteins and replication of viral nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

Biosynthesis

Question 15

A virus infects a host cell and is released by lysis, killing the cell. Which type of virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Naked (non-enveloped) virus

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the number of base pairs in an E. coli chromosome compared to a typical viral genome?

Accepted Answer

$$4,000,000\ 	ext{bp} \div 250,000\ 	ext{bp} = 16$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about viroids?

Accepted Answer

Viroids are naked RNA molecules that cause plant diseases.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of spikes in enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

Spikes are viral proteins inserted into the envelope that help the virus attach to host cells.

Question 19

Which of the following viruses is most likely to cause a slow infection, with a gradual increase in virus particles over years?

Accepted Answer

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about oncogenic viruses?

Accepted Answer

Oncogenic viruses can insert their DNA into host chromosomes and cause proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes.

Viruses and Virus-like Particles: Structure, Classification, and Pathogenesis

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