Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require a host cell for energy production and protein synthesis.

Question 2

A virus with a segmented RNA genome infects a host cell simultaneously with another closely related virus. Which genetic event is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Reassortment, resulting in progeny with mixed genome segments.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why naked viruses are generally more resistant to harsh environmental conditions than enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

Naked viruses have a protein capsid that protects their genome.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a chronic viral infection. Which of the following best describes the nature of this infection?

Accepted Answer

The virus is continuously produced and infectious particles are detectable for a long period.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of viral spike proteins or capsid proteins?

Accepted Answer

They allow the virus to bind to specific host cell receptors and facilitate entry.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between + sense and - sense RNA viral genomes?

Accepted Answer

+ sense RNA can act directly as mRNA, while - sense RNA must be transcribed to + sense before translation.

Question 7

A virus is observed to have a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell membrane and embedded viral proteins. Which of the following is true about this virus?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped virus and is more common among animal viruses.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Increased bacterial growth

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of viral assembly?

Accepted Answer

Self-assembly of viral components from preformed parts within the host cell.

Question 10

A virus is classified in the family Herpesviridae. According to ICTV rules, what would be the correct ending for the order name?

Accepted Answer

-virales

Question 11

Which of the following immune responses is most important for controlling viral infections according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Type I interferon, NK cells, and Tc cells

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why viral polymerases, especially RNA polymerases, contribute to high mutation rates in viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are error-prone and lack proofreading activity.

Question 13

A virus is found to cause cell transformation and uncontrolled cell growth. Which term best describes this type of virus?

Accepted Answer

Oncovirus

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the viral replication cycle?

Accepted Answer

Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, protein expression, genome replication, assembly, release

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the host range of a virus?

Accepted Answer

The spectrum of host species a virus can infect

Question 16

A patient is infected with a virus that remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate years later. Which type of infection is this?

Accepted Answer

Latent infection

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why some animal viruses produce many defective particles?

Accepted Answer

Error-prone viral polymerases lead to mutations and non-infectious particles.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a virus that can cause cancer in humans?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of pseudotyping in viruses?

Accepted Answer

An enveloped virus incorporates glycoproteins from another virus into its envelope.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical route of viral transmission?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Viruses: Structure, Classification, Replication, and Medical Importance

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