A manufacturer markets a 'low-fat' frozen dessert that lists olestra in the ingredients. Analyze the likely effects olestra will have on (a) product calorie content, (b) consumer absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and (c) possible side effects.

• A. Olestra reduces product-available calories because it is non-absorbable, can interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, and may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as oily stools or cramping in some consumers.
• B. Olestra increases available calories because it is fully metabolized and enhances absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, improving micronutrient status while having no side effects.
• C. Olestra converts to trans fats in vivo which raises calories and cardiovascular risk directly and is therefore banned in all jurisdictions worldwide.
• D. Olestra acts like a fiber and selectively increases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins while reducing carbohydrate digestion, making the product superior nutritionally with no trade-offs.

Answer: (A)