A food label lists vitamins A, C, and B12. Based on solubility, which storage and toxicity statement is MOST accurate?

• A. All three vitamins are fat-soluble; therefore all have similar storage in the liver and adipose tissue and the same toxicity risk, with excretion pathways identical for each; only concentration differs.
• B. Vitamin A (fat-soluble) is more likely to accumulate in body fat and pose toxicity risk with excessive intake; vitamin C (water-soluble) and B12 (water-soluble) are less likely to accumulate and excess is more often excreted in urine.
• C. Vitamin C is a fat-soluble antioxidant and therefore will accumulate in adipose tissue similar to vitamin A, whereas B12 is stored in the kidneys and therefore is quickly eliminated in feces and poses a risk of deficiency rather than toxicity.
• D. Because B12 is water-soluble it cannot be absorbed from food and therefore any dietary B12 is clinically irrelevant and will be excreted immediately, leaving vitamin A and C as the only biologically active vitamins from this label.

Answer: (B)