Blood Glucose Regulation exam Flashcards
Blood Glucose Regulation exam
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What is hyperglycemia? A condition where blood glucose levels are too high. Insulin A hormone that decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and glycogenesis. What does hypoglycemia mean? It means blood glucose levels are too low. Glucagon A hormone that increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. What organ secretes insulin? The pancreas. Glycogenesis The process of generating glycogen from glucose for storage. What is the main effect of insulin after a carbohydrate-rich meal? It lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Glycogenolysis The breakdown of glycogen into glucose. What triggers glucagon secretion? Low blood glucose, such as during fasting or between meals. Gluconeogenesis The generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. What is the effect of glucagon on the liver? It stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase blood glucose. Lipogenesis The process of generating lipids (fats) from excess glucose. What happens if blood glucose is not regulated? It can lead to serious health issues like organ damage or loss of consciousness. Lipolysis The breakdown of lipids (fats) to release energy. Which hormone stimulates lipogenesis? Insulin. What are symptoms of hypoglycemia? Dizziness, confusion, and potentially loss of consciousness. Which hormone stimulates lipolysis? Glucagon. What is the storage form of glucose in the body? Glycogen. How does insulin affect glucose transporters? It stimulates their expression on cell membranes, increasing glucose uptake. What other hormones can increase blood glucose besides glucagon? Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone. What is the main goal of blood glucose regulation? To maintain blood glucose within a narrow, healthy range. What is the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle? It promotes glucose uptake and glycogenesis. What is the effect of glucagon during fasting? It increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. What can cause hyperglycemia? Excessive carbohydrate intake or insufficient insulin action. What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation? It secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose. How does physical activity affect blood glucose? It helps maintain blood glucose balance. What is the consequence of chronic hyperglycemia? It can cause dehydration, organ damage, and skin infections. What is the primary energy source for the brain? Glucose. How does glucagon help during low blood glucose? It stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.