Energy in Food definitions Flashcards
Energy in Food definitions
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Macronutrients Nutrients in food that provide energy, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, each with distinct calorie values per gram. Calorie Unit of energy; technically, the amount needed to heat 1 gram of water by 1°C, but often refers to a larger unit in nutrition. Kilocalorie Equivalent to 1,000 small calories; the standard unit for measuring food energy on nutrition labels. Carbohydrates Macronutrient yielding 4 calories per gram, commonly found in foods like bread, rice, and fruits. Proteins Macronutrient providing 4 calories per gram, essential for body structure and function. Fats Macronutrient delivering 9 calories per gram, making it the most energy-dense among the macronutrients. Metabolism Set of chemical reactions in cells that break down and utilize food molecules to release energy. Nutrition Label Information panel on food packaging that lists macronutrient content and total energy, typically in kilocalories. Energy Balance Relationship between energy intake from food and energy expenditure by the body. Gram Metric unit of mass used to quantify macronutrients in food and calculate energy content. Water Component of food that adds weight but does not contribute to caloric content. Alcohol Non-macronutrient substance providing 7 calories per gram, sometimes included in energy calculations. Calorie Calculation Process of multiplying grams of each macronutrient by their respective calorie values and summing the results. Kcal Abbreviation for kilocalorie, commonly used on nutrition labels to indicate food energy. Two Liter Bottle Visual reference used to illustrate the amount of energy in food by comparing it to the energy needed to heat water.