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Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Reaction Patterns

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Enthalpy

  • How to calculate enthalpy using bond dissociation energies.
    04:09
  • Calculating Enthalpies
    04:38

Entropy

  • 3 ways to increase entropy.
    07:11
  • Explaining what entropy is.
    02:46

Gibbs Free Energy

  • Intermediates vs. Transition States
    06:55
  • Breaking down the different terms of the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
    05:02

Equilibrium Constant and pKa

  • The pH scale vs. the pKa scale.
    02:15
  • The relationship between equilibrium constant and pKa.
    02:19
  • Why we use pKa instead of pH.
    01:46

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Carbocation Intermediate – Rearrangements

  • Alkyl Shift
    03:43
  • Understanding why carbocations shift.
    00:47
  • Hydride Shift
    03:34

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47

Leaving Groups

  • Predict the best leaving group
    00:50
  • Predict the best leaving group
    01:12
  • Predict the best leaving group
    00:36

Nucleophiles and Basicity

  • Understanding the difference between basicity and nucleophilicity.
    06:21

The SN1 Mechanism

  • Drawing the SN1 Mechanism
    10:49
  • Why highly substituted leaving groups favor SN1.
    01:13
  • Understanding the properties of SN1.
    08:16

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Octet Rule

  • LCAO model proves why Noble gases are so stable.
    03:48
  • The most important parts of the periodic table for organic chemistry
    02:24
  • How Noble gases are related to the octet rule.
    01:05

Lewis Structure

  • Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
    04:12
  • How to use Organic Chemistry to make Lewis Structures easier.
    03:49

Electronegativity

  • Differences between ionic, polar and covalent bonds
    11:33

Molecular Orbitals

  • Sigma bond vs. pi bond, which is stronger?
    03:25
  • What’s the difference between sigma and pi bonds?
    02:19
  • What’s the difference between atomic and molecular orbitals?
    11:25

Hammond Postulate

  • Defining the Hammond Postulate.
    01:30
  • Bromination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    02:58
  • Chlorination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    05:23